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From the beginning of OPNFV, OpenStack has been the VIM for the OPNFV stack. However, an alternative NFV infrastructure would be based on (Linux) docker containers with some container management tool (Kubernetes?). The OpenStack community and the OPNFV project Retriever OpenRetriever has been defining the ways how OpenStack can accommodate containers, but OPNFV can also work with Kubernetes directly without using OpenStack. This would imply some changes to eg. the OPNFV CI system.