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• Hybrid Multi-cloud actor and interaction model has been significantly evolved
• Storage section has been further developed developing  consumption and production models
• Security alignment with industry standards, in collaboration with GMSMA FASG and LFN Security Forum
• Alignment of Acceleration Abstraction model with ORAN 
• Reference Model Kali release contents was published as GSMA NG Permanent Reference Document NG.126 ver 2.0

• The latest release of RA1 specifications conforms to the OpenStack Wallaby release.
• This has allowed the introduction of Cyborg, the general-purpose acceleration resources ((i.e., various types of accelerators such as GPU, FPGA, ASIC, NP, SoCs, etc.) management framework, as an optional service.
• Submitted RA-1 KAli release specifications were submitted for publication as a GSMA Permanent Reference Document.

RA1 now supports a more recent OpenStack release in addition to the widely used Train release version.  The increasing use of accelerators (software and hardware-based), required for 5G, IoT, and ML among others, requires support for their management. Cyborg provides an abstraction for the specific devices (a la the Acceleration Abstraction Layer in O-RAN) and, thus, allows for their generic management.

Publishing of the RA-1 by GSMA makes it more widely available as an industry standard.